Sustainable Growth and Economic Development - 1094 Words

Economic growth has been used with other terms such as development, modernization, westernization and industrialization. It is, in other words, a transition from a simple, low-income economy to a modern, high- income economy. Its scope includes the process and policies by which a nation improves the economic, political, and social well-being of its people. Though it is often measured by rate of change of gross domestic product, it is generally understood in terms of increase in per capita income, and attainment of a standard of living equivalent to that of industrialized countries. Economic growth implies a change in the way goods and services are produced, not merely an increase in production achieved using the old methods of†¦show more content†¦There are other views that consider environmental and social challenges as opportunities for development action. This is particularly true in the concept of sustainable enterprise that frames these global needs as opportunities for private enterprise to provide innovative and entrepreneurial solutions. This view is now being taught at many business schools in the West. Sustainable development is said to set limits on the developing world. It is being argued, while current first world countries polluted significantly during their development, the same countries encourage third world countries to reduce pollution, which sometimes impedes growth. Sustainability requires that human activity only uses nature s resources at a rate at which they can be replenished naturally. Theoretically, the long-term result of environmental degradation is the inability to sustain human life. Such degradation on a global scale could imply extinction for humanity. In the Indian context, infrastructure development is critical for sustainable growth. It is often noted that poor infrastructure—a lack of water and sanitation, shoddy roads, and unpredictable energy supply- constrains foreign direct investment and overall economic potential. A key issue is of attracting private investors willing to participate in infrastructure projects given their complex and risky nature. Cases of corruption andShow MoreRelatedThe Between Science, Policy And Sustainability1103 Words   |  5 Pagesthat there are limits to growth is not new to science. The debate that exponential population growth and economic growth, coupled with natural resources depletion, cannot be sustained has started already a few centuries ago with a ground-breaking publication: â€Å"Essay on the principle of population† Thomas Malthus in 1798. With more scientific knowledge developed around this debate, a reverse strategy was formed on the international political agenda called Sustainable Development, and nowadays became aRead MoreThe Concept Of Sustainable Development Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesThe concept of sustainable development is generally understood in two similar but differing perspectives. The first of these is the social-scientific definition explicated most frequently in relation to the 1987 report of the Brundtland commission.1 This report defines sustainable devel opment as our â€Å"...ability to make development sustainable—to ensure that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs†2. The second perspectiveRead MoreSustainable Development : The Definition Of Sustainable Development1432 Words   |  6 Pagesterm sustainable development has gained a lot of attention, however, it has since been overused to a point of saturation where it has lost the influence it previously elucidated and become a jargon for developers and slogan for environmentalists. What does sustainable development mean? For years scholars have tried to define and articulate the concept of sustainable development which has led it to become an oxymoron of sorts. Over a century before the use of phrase sustainable development cameRead MoreAchieving Sustainable Development Within Developing Countries1252 Words   |  6 Pages Achieving sustainable development within developing countries is one of the greatest challenges facing the international community today. Developing countries are the most vulnerable to environmental concerns and are the least able to address them due to their lack of capital and technology. Environmental concerns such as climate change combined with economic concerns such as poverty create a negative cycle which makes it increasingly difficult to solve either problem. With the adoption of the ParisRead MoreHigh Efficiency Technology And Its Impact On Economic Development1407 Words   |  6 Pagescommonly associated with large-scale industrial economic development. In the past, large loans to governments to address this need have often resulted in misuse of funds from a social and environmental perspective. Microloans a ssist in the purchase of drip irrigation systems and the provision of funds to train labor in low/no-till farming practices allow the advancement of farming in an ecological way. Guy Vincent focuses on sustainable development relative to individuals who are caught within theRead MoreOverview of Sustainable Industry in Malaysia.655 Words   |  3 PagesOverview of Sustainable Industry in Malaysia. The 2014 was a huge success to government which a total 396.61MW of renewable energy approved by the Sustainability Energy Development Authority and its represent a total 466% year-on-year growth. The increase of the renewable energy represent years of planning and execution by relevant authorities to regulate and draft policies that suits Malaysian environment. As sustainable industry and climate change are interrelated, often the regulation and policiesRead MoreCritically Assess The Concept Of Sustainable Development Essay1661 Words   |  7 PagesCritically assess the concept of Sustainable Development The concept of sustainable development is generally understood in two similar but differing perspectives. The first of these is the social-scientific definition explicated most frequently in relation to the 1987 report of the Brundtland commission.1 This report defines sustainable development as our â€Å"...ability to make development sustainable—to ensure that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generationsRead MoreSustainable Development1618 Words   |  7 PagesQ. Sustainable Development? Ans:. Sustainable development refers to a mode of human development in which resource use aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come. The term sustainable development was used by the Brundtland Commission which coined what has become the most often-quoted definition of sustainable development: development that meets the needs of the present withoutRead MorePublic Discourse Surrounding Conceptions Of Sustainability Definitions And How That Impedes The Development Of A Sustainable Society1651 Words   |  7 PagesPublic Discourse Surrounding Conceptions of Sustainability Definitions and how that Impedes the Development of a Sustainable Society Nicholas Dawson 9/14/2015 University of Southern Queensland Student Number: W0025726 â€Æ' The definition of sustainability varies widely depending on the context in which the concept of sustainability is used. As Herman Daly (1996) put it, â€Å"Sustainable development is a term that everyone likes, but nobody is sure of what it means. The term rose to the prominenceRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1531 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty? â€Å"). From sea to shining sea, more than 15 percent of the American population live in poverty, a total of people over 46 million. Many who live in poverty within the United States live in areas that were once thriving from the country’s economic growth that are now only sad remnants such as the Deep South and Rust Belt cities. The history of poverty in America is nothing recent by far, yet the thought and actuality of a rise in poverty levels in such a wealthy country has been alarming to notice

I Disagree With Kenneth Waltz’S Positionthat Nuclear...

I disagree with Kenneth Waltz’s position that nuclear proliferation makes the world a safer place, and how best to measure the spread of nuclear weapons, particularly in regimes that are developing, unstable, or â€Å"third-world.†1 While some scholars see nuclear weapons as a threat to stability and peace due to their mass destruction capability and the potential for horrific fallout triggered by ethnic and geopolitical instability, others see those weapons as holding the power to maintain an appropriate balance of power between opposing regimes at times of tension and during periods of low level conflict. This debate is reflected in international relations. Waltz argues that nuclear weapons keep the world secure, as states would not take the†¦show more content†¦As for second-strike deterrence, Waltz states that there are two necessities: survival of a first attack and the ability to inflict sufficient damage. Without absolute certainty of destruction of the opposition’s arsenal, a country would be less likely to attack. Because of uncertainty about the size of another country’s arsenal size, nations would not take the risk of retaliation; â€Å"Even the largest states recoil from taking adventurous steps if the price of failure is the possible loss of a city or two†1. The problem I see with this position is that nations may sometimes benefit from spotting â€Å"signatures† that are carelessly sent to enemy intelligence agencies which may inadvertently reveal secret information about the size and location of otherwise â€Å"hidden† military forces. For example, Pakistani road construction crew s inadvertently signaled the location of secret M-11 missiles by placing wide-radius roads at Sargodha Missile Base . The failure of the Soviet military to keep its 1962 missile deployment in Cuba secret was similarly caused by construction crew routines that produced â€Å"signatures† which highlighted the location of the missiles. The â€Å"Star of David† pattern of air defense missile battery placements and â€Å"slash marks† on missile pads gave away the Cuban secret to the Americans. Regarding the accidental use of nuclear weapons, Waltz dismisses this

Managers motivate workers Free Essays

Frederick Hertzberg came up with a two factor theory of motivation also referred to as the Hygiene theory. According to Hertzberg, there are factors in the work place that cause job satisfaction and these he called them motivators. On the other hand, there are factors whose absence causes job dissatisfaction. We will write a custom essay sample on Managers motivate workers or any similar topic only for you Order Now The factors that cause satisfaction are a complete contrast to those that cause dissatisfaction. For instance whereas recognition causes satisfaction, supervision leads to dissatisfaction. According to Hertzberg, managers motivate their workers in the following ways:- recognition, growth, achievement job interest,   responsibility and advancement. These factors would make workers feel motivated in the work place. On the other hand factors such as salary, security, company policy, work conditions and supervision fall under hygiene factors. Their presence or lack of it does not necessarily motivate the employees rather causes dissatisfaction. (Michael, 2000) Responsibility: – When workers feel responsible for their work, they feel motivated. They need to be in touch to their work. The best way managers can motivate their workers therefore is by giving them more authority and autonomy over their jobs. Employees with good performance should also be given more responsibilities as a way of improving their motivation levels. Work itself: – Employees feel motivated when they feel that the work they do is significant and relevant. Managers should try to make use of what the employees have done so that they can be able to see that whatever they are doing is meaningful. Growth: – People desire to work more when the work is challenging as well as interesting. Managers therefore ought to make the jobs interesting and also challenging. The expected outcome of this is that the turnover rate of employees shall reduce. Failure to do this will cause demotivation on the part of the employees. (Harris, Desimone, 1994) Advancement: – Workers can be motivated through trainings and development. They feel motivated when something is done that improves their careers. Managers can also use Hertzberg’s two factor theory in the following ways to motivate their workers: Make workers specialize in doing specific tasks. This would make them become experts in their respective fields. Make workers to be more accountable in all that they do Come up with new and more challenging tasks Allow workers to perform whole work units to do as opposed to piecemeal work. With this, they feel motivated when the outcome of the work is associated with them.(Alkhafaji,2003) I do not agree with the fact that the hygienes are only associated with job dissatisfaction and not motivation. Look at remuneration/salary. Does it mean that one would not be motivated if his/her salary is increased? My answer tends to be a â€Å"yes†. It can be both a hygiene and motivational factor. The distinction of a factor being either a hygiene or motivator is not true. My second reservation is that when a worker is given someone’s responsibility that would motivate such a worker. In my opinion, this would bring about animosity amongst the employees. The role of a manager a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Manager as planner: – Managers play the role of planning the firm’s activities. They determine what is to be done, who is to do what how and when this is to be done. b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Control: – Managers are the ones who control the activities of the organization so that they are performed as planned with the aim of correcting any deviations from the norm. c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Facilitator/ Coordinator: – Managers integrate the work of employees so that each worker performs his duties and that nothing is duplicated. REFERENCES 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   David M Harris, Randy L Desimone; Human Resource Development, Dryden press publishers,1994 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abbas F Alkhafaji, Strategic Management: Formulation implementation and Control in a Dynamic Environment, Haworth press, 2003 3. Michael L, Understanding Business Environment; Routledge, 2000    How to cite Managers motivate workers, Essay examples

Immigration Analysis Essay Example For Students

Immigration Analysis Essay annonIn 1886 the statue of Liberty Enlightening the World, a gift fromthe people of France, was dedicated by President Grover Cleveland. Set atthe entrance to New York, the statue was just in time to greet the biggestmigration in global history. Between 1880 and World War I, about 22 million men, women, andchildren entered the United States. More than a million arrived in each ofthe years 1905, 1906, 1907, 1910, 1913, and 1914. Not everyone had to travel in steerage. Passengers who couldafford the expense paid for first- or second-class quarters. Upon arrivalthese immigrants were examined by courteous officials who boarded the shipsat anchor. But those in steerage were sent to a holding center for a fullphysical and mental examination. The facility at Ellis Island which openedin 1892 could process up to 5,000 people a day. On some days between 1905and 1914 it had to process more than 10,000 immigrants a day. Many arrivals had left their homelands to escape mobs who attackedthem because of their ethnicity, religion, or politics. The German,Russian, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman (Turkish) empires ruled over manydifferent peoples and nationalities and often cruelly mistreated them. Until 1899, U.S. immigration officials asked arrivals which nationthey had left, not their religion or ancestry. So oppressed people werelisted under the countries from which they fled. Armenians who escapedfrom Turkey were recorded as Turks, and Jews who had been beaten by mobs inRussia were listed as Russians. This so called new immigration was different in many other waysfrom previous immigration. For the first time, Catholic an Jewishimmigrants outnumbered Protestants, and still other arrivals were Muslims,Buddhists, or Greek or Russian Orthodox church members. Until 1897, 90 percent of all overseas immigrants had come fromProtestant northern and western Europe. Many of these nations haddemocratic traditions and education systems. Even among the poor, many hadspent a few years in school or had acquired some industrial skills on thejob, and more than a few spoke English. Many of these men and womensettled in agriculture regions of the Untied States. Their goal was to buyreadily available land and start small family farms. The people of the new immigration differed from earlier arrivals onother ways. Very few spoke English, and some could not read or write anylanguage. Most were Catholic, but ten percent were Jewish. All of this was soon proved to be not true. Only one third wereactually illiterate, and 90 percent of those who could not speak Englishlearned to do in less than ten years after they arrived. Their staminahelped make America an industrial giant and the worlds economic power. The new immigrants came at a turning point in American growth. Bosses rarely knew their workers. Class animosity often divided managementand labor. Corporations showed little interest in their workers. Instead,these business sought to maximize profits. To lower wages, plant managers often tried to pit one racial,religious, or ethnic minority against another to keep the pot of hostilityboiling. A labor paper reported that employers were keeping up a constantwar of the races. Bosses placed spies among their employees so they couldreport troublemakers any who urged workers to organize unions.